英语写作中的成分残缺错误
1.他的英语写得不错,,但不擅长英语口语。
误:His written English is good, but not good at spoken English.
正:His written English is good, but his spoken English is not good.
正:He is good at written English, but not good at spoken English.
析:误句中 but 后的句子缺适当的主语,因为 good at spoken English 的主语应是“他”,而不是 his written English。
2.英语很有趣,我的确很喜欢。
误:English is very interesting, and I really like very much.
正:English is very interesting, and I really like it very much.
析:like 是及物动词,其后通常应有宾语。
3.别怕,我们会帮你的。
误:Don’t afraid; we’ll help you.
正:Don’t be afraid; we’ll help you.
析:误句谓语不完整,因为 afraid 是形容词,不是动词,不能单独作谓语,必须和连系动词一起构成谓语。当然,若说成 Don’t fear,则完全可以。
4.住在我隔壁的李明是个医生。
误:Li Ming, lives next to me, is a doctor.
正:Li Ming, who lives next to me, is a doctor.
正:Li Ming, living next to me, is a doctor.
析:误句中定语成分不完整。定语从句是一个完整的句子,当先行词指人且关系代词在从句中作主语时要用that或who。也可用现在分词短语作后置定语。
5.你介意我问你一个问题吗?
误:Do you mind I ask you a question?
正:Do you mind if I ask you a question?
正:Do you mind my asking you a question?
析:误句中的主句和从句之间缺少连接词。也可以用动名词短语作mind的宾语。
6.他考试及格了使他妈妈很高兴。
误:He passed the exam made his mother very happy.
正:That he passed the exam made his mother very happy.
正:He passed the exam, which made his mother very happy.
析:误句中的主语应该是由主语从句来承担的。that引导主语从句,不做成分,无实际意义,但不能省略。也可以用非限定性定语从句。