阅读理解题形讲与练(附参考答案)
一、考查形式
阅读理解是高考英语试卷中的语言运用题，旨在检查高中生在阅读中的语感：特别是在阅读过程中获取和处理信息的能力。 《考试说明》对阅读理解的要求做了明确的规定，阅读理解部分主要测试考生以下能力： 1，掌握所读材料的主旨和大意：
2．了解用以阐述主旨的事实和有关细节：
3．根据上下文判断大纲附表以外的某些词汇和短语的意义： 4．既理解个别句子的意义，也理解上下文之间的逻辑关系： 5．根据所读材料进行一定的判断，推理和引申： 6．正确领会作者的观点和态度。
二、考查内容
阅读理解常考的题材： 发展报告，农业报告，经济报告．环境报告，科学报告，教育报告，健康报告，新闻科学，自然灾害，医学(如瘟疫等疾病)，战争，旅游、交通，人物传记、人物特写，故事，探索，语言、语言掌故，音乐、体育与娱乐，文学、艺术，历史、考古、文物出土，英语国家的文化习俗、人口、地理、建设、历史、社会、科技等概况。
三、基本题形以及解题技巧
1. 基本题型及题形特征 主旨大意题 细节理解题 推理判断题 判断词义题 主要考察学生对所读材料中心思想的概括。其考察形式有很多，如概括标题、主题、中心思想或目的大意等； 主要考察考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节的理解。这一题型常见的命题方式有：事实认定题、排序题、图形辨认题、数字运算题；； 主要考查学生根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题； 主要考察考生根据一定的上下文猜测生词的词义能力。要求从句子结构、段落、文章中推断或根据构词法推断词义。 基本题型及题形特征 2. 四大题形的解题技巧 1）细节理解题解题技能 常见的命题方式有：
（1）特殊疑问句形式。以when，where。what．which．who，how much, many等疑问词开头引出的问题：
（2）以是非题的形式。true / false. not true/ false或EXCEPT： （3）以According to…开头提问方式： （4）以填空题的形式，如：
To avoid attracting mountain lions, people are advised___________. （5）就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。
做细节理解题时，不必通篇细看原文，而可采取\"带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语，然后以此为线索快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，对照比较，确定答案。除了运用扫读法(scanning)外，还可以兼用排除法，将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除：
2) 细节题干扰项有如下几个特点：
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(1)与原文有相关信息，但不是题目要求的内容； (2)符合常识，但不是文章内容：
(3)与原文的内容极其相似，但在程度上有些变动： (4)在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反： (5)一半正确，一半错误：
细节理解题的答案与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思：有的细节理解题就需要通过有关词语和句子的转换。值得一提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语，甚至一个单词，因此需要我们在阅读中特别仔细才能捕捉到真正有用的信息。总之，做细节题时要将自己精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上，快速通篇跳读，眼睛自左至右， 自上而下呈Z形扫视，直到找到细节出处，待找到含细节内容时，就要放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至确定答案。 2．推理判断题解题技能
这类题主要考查学生根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。做这类题时，考生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维．同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。 1) 这种问题的提问方式通常有：
(1) From paragraph 4 we can infer that_______.
(2) We can infer from the text that.../What can we learn from...?
(3) The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that _______. (4) The author implies that by the year 2050, _______.
(5) To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should _______. (6) The author mentions the fact that...to show _______ (7) This passage would most likely be found in _______? 这些提问方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到，必须根据提问中的某些关键字眼与短文中相应的有关内容加以逻辑推理或演算，从而得出某些作者并未说明却已在字里行间所暗含的意思及观点。
2) 考生应当注意以下几点：
(1) 深入理解作者在字里行间渗透出来的深层含义, 不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点：
(2) 推理的源泉来自于上下文的语境、语气等： (3) 紧紧抓住所给文章，决不能脱离文章凭空想像；
(4) 把握上下文之间的逻辑关系，通过分析、综合、判断等进行深层处理，合乎逻辑地推理，决不能以偏概全、见树不见林。 3．主旨大意题解题技能
高考阅读理解对文章的主旨大意进行命题，旨在考查考生通过对原文快速浏览正确获取语篇的大意，并对文章的主题、标题、段落、中心思想加以归纳理解以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。要求考生在阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中心情节，体会作者的主要意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、中心论点及作者的情感倾向。
1) 主旨大意常见的题干形式如下：
(1) What would be the best title for the text?/what is the topic of the text? (2) The main topic / subject of the passage is _______.
(3) The main idea/The general idea is/The main theme of this passage is...
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(4) The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis on _______. (5) What is mainly discussed in the text? (6) What is the main idea of the passage?
(7) What's the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph? 2) 从命题形式上看，此类阅读测试题主要可概括为两大类， (1) 怎样理解段落及文章整体的主旨大意 (2) 怎样拟定或选择恰当的标题。 3) 主旨大意的解题技巧 (1)主题句定位法
文章是由段落组成的。段落是发展一个主题的一群句子，段落围绕着中心思想展开，而段落的中心思想又是为文章整体的中心思想服务的。寻找具体段落的中心思想的方法是：通过分析篇章结构，找出每小段的主题句，通过主题句找出文章的主题。找准文章的主题句是确定文章主旨大意的关键。主题是文章要表达的中心思想，文章的主题句通常都有一个话题，它是文章的核心。“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。 但是由于文章的不同，主题句出现的位置也不是一成不变的。主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾。因此，仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主旨大意类试题多采用浏览法(skimming)，浏览时，一般不需逐句细读，只选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句，重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。
文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下五种情况： 方法 正方形 写作法 特征 中心主题隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句。阅读这样的文章，就要求考生根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法：先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。 中心主题句出现在文首。开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。即由一般到特殊，先提出观点，后举例论证，主题句则出现在段首的写作方法。主题句一般可在第一句话找到。新闻报道通常就采用这种写法。 主题句出现在文尾。在细节后，归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果，以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式，即细节表述的句子在前，概括性的句子居后，主题句则常位于末段。 首尾呼应的写作方法。为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见。通常，前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。 主题句出现在文章的中间。通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、支撑或发展。 正三角形写作法 倒三角形写作法 圆形 写作法 菱形 写作法 (2)文章标题的选择或拟定的解题技巧
标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它是段落中心思想的最精炼的表达形式。
它的特点是：浓缩性强，短小精悍，多为一个短语；涵盖性强，一般要求能覆盖全文，其确定的范围要恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小；精确性强，不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩，用词准确、不偏不离。那么如何选择文章的标题呢?
① 要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑这句话或短语与文章主题是否有密切的联系：
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② 依据文章关键词，再看它对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何：
③ 对比四个选项，先排除两个，再比较余下的，要考虑标题是过大还是过小； 要避免下列三种错误：
(a)概括不够(多表现为部分代替整体，从而导致范围太小)； (b)过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围)； (c)以事实、细节替代替抽象具体的大意。 4．词义猜测题解题技能 1)四类生词类型：
(1) 旧词新义，考查词汇表中未出现的词义；
(2) 合成词、转化词与派生词如shoplifting，heartbroken，computer-literate，imperfect等；
(3) “灵活”的常用词增多，这些词必须根据具体的上下文语境才能正确理解： (4) 超纲生词。如：《大纲》之外的和熟词新意的生词． 猜测词义不仅是一项阅读技巧，也是高考阅读能力考查的一个方面，每年在高考阅读中都有猜测词义的试题。掌握正确方法快速而又准确地猜测出生词的含义，对提高阅读速度和答题效率相当重要。 2)常见的考查形式：
(1) The phrase “…” in the sentence could be replaced by ______ (2) The word “…” in the paragraph refers to ______
(3) What is the meaning of the underlined word in the paragraph? (4) What does the unlined word mean?
(5) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase “…” ? (6) The word “…” most nearly means ______ 3)常见的猜测词义的方法: (1) 利用构词法
掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。如：unforeseeable这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un，fore，see，able：其中see是词根，fore是“先，前，预”的含义，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unforeseeable 是“未能预见到的”意思。 (2)利用同义近义词
在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它的大致词义。 (3)利用反义词
利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词hot and cold，perfect and imperfect，甚至前、后句为肯定与否定等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。 (4)利用定义、解释和例证
有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语(从句)、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。
为了说明或证实，文章中经常会举例，往往用来列举说明前面较难理解的词，这些例子可帮助我们猜测生词。举例时，常常会用一些连接性的词，如：such as，like，for example，for instance，that is，namely等。 (5)利用上下文语境
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任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章 有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。 (6)根据语义转折
有时文章的作者为了增强表达效果，会用一些含有表示意思转折的连词，副词或短语。如：though，although，still，but，yet, instead, instead of，however, while，On the contrary, on the other hand，unlike，rather than，for one thing，for another等，我们可以根据转折意思猜测词义。
四、高考实例
[命题特点]
1．2008年的阅读理解部分有三篇短文，总阅读量为1076个单词(不包括问题及选择项的词数)，总题量为15题，分值为30分：
2．阅读理解题有两大变化： (1)选材方面，在保证题材多样性、语言真实性的基础上增加了文学体裁：(2)在理解问题的设问方面，适当加大了理解的深度，避免考生采用简单的排除法或直接与原文信息匹配找到答案：
3．阅读理解题内容新颖，体裁多样，题材丰富，时代气息浓厚，渗透现代社会的新观念，选材融知识性、教育性和趣味性为一体，可读性较强，体现丰富的文化内涵； 4．基本无生词，有些词虽然不在高考英语3500词汇的范围内，但属于新教材高频词汇，学生比较熟悉，如A篇的involve，democratic等，B篇的negative，objective等，C篇的critical，amid；有些词可以通过构词法知识(合成、前缀、后缀、转化)理解词义，如A篇的hairstyle，adulthood等．B篇的self-image，tricky等。 C篇的undersized．warring presence等；还有些生词可以通过上下文来猜测其词义，如B篇的It very well might be that you are experiencing a negative self-image because you can't move past．one flaw or weakness that you see about yourself．\"flaw\"对大多数考生而言是生词，但通过对 or weakness的理解可以知道这个单词和weakness同义，就不难判断它的含义是“缺点”；有些词虽然为考生所熟悉，但特定的语境赋予了它们新的含义．考生须根据具体语境方能推知，如A篇中的From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations，earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits．“orbit”在平时的学习中表示“轨道”之意，而这里是“范围”或“圈子”之意。
5．试卷从选材到命题都关注了考生的思维能力。选材时除关注语言的难易、题材、体裁以外，还关注语言的思维深度，关注现在中学生的认知能力，这一点尤其是在C篇中体现明显，考试后学生普遍感觉有一些题目很难选择答案，与2008年高考设题深度加大，迷惑性较强有关。
6．从命题的情况看，2008年阅读理解题各题型分配与2007年对比如下：
年份 2007 2008 细节题 7 7 推理题 6 6 主旨要义题 1 1 猜测词义题 1 1
[能力要求]
1．考生要有快速阅读与筛选信息、获取信息的能力以及作出判断的能力：
2．考生要有归纳全文信息，理解全篇信息间的逻辑关系并进行推理、判断的能力。 3．考生要有深层理解，挖掘文章没有明确表达的意义的能力。 4．考生能根据上下文和中学生应有的常识判断生词的意义，并且能识别各种题型(细节、推理、主旨、猜词)和掌握各种题型的解题方法：
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5．考生在用英语交流的过程中能理解语言隐含的情感、态度和价值观。 第一节 阅读理解 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 [试题分析]
A
Parents and kids today dress alike, listen to the same music, and are friends. Is this a good thing? Sometimes, when Mr. Ballmer and his 16-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, listen to rock music together and talk about interests both enjoy, such as pop culture, he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager.
“I would never have said to my mom, ‘Hey, the new Weezer album is really great. How do you like it?’” says Ballmer. “There was just a complete gap in taste.”
Music was not the only gulf. From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits.
Today, the generation gap has not disappeared, but it is getting narrow in many families. Conversations on subjects such as sex and drugs would not have taken place a generation ago. Now they are comfortable and common. And parent—child activities, from shopping to sports, involve a feeling of trust and friendship that can continue int0 adulthood.
No wonder greeting cards today carry the message, “To my mother, my best friend.”
But family experts warn that the new equality can also result in less respect for parents. “There’s still a lot of strictness and authority on the part of parents out there, but there is a change happening,” says Kerrie, a psychology professor at Lebanon Valley College. “In the middle of that change, there is a lot of confusion among parents.”
Family researchers offer a variety of reasons for these evolving roles and attitudes. They see the 1960s as a turning point. Great cultural changes led to more open communication and a more democratic process that encourages everyone to have a say.
“My parents were on the ‘before’ side of that change, but today’s parents, the 40-year-olds, were on the ‘after’ side,” explains Mr. Ballmer. “It’s not something easily accomplished by parents these days, because life is more difficult to understand or deal with, but sharing interests does make it more fun to be a parent now.”
41. The underlined word gulf in Para.3 most probably means _________. A. interest B. distance C. difference D. separation
42. Which of the following shows that the generation gap is disappearing? A. Parents help their children develop interests in more activities. B. Parents put more trust in their children’s abilities. C. Parents and children talk more about sex and drugs. D. Parents share more interests with their children.
43. The change in today’s parent-child relationship is _________. A. more confusion among parents
B. new equality between parents and children C.1ess respect for parents from children
D. more strictness and authority on the part of parents
44. By saying “today’s parents, the 40-year-olds, were on the ‘after’ side.” the author means that
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today’s parents _________.
A. follow the trend of the change B. can set a limit to the change
C. fail to take the change seriously D. have little difficulty adjusting to the change 45. The purpose of the passage is to _________.
A. describe the difficulties today’s parents have met with B. discuss the development of the parent—child relationship C. suggest the ways to handle the parent—child relationship
D. compare today’s parent—child relationship with that in the past [文章导读]
代沟是个社会热点话题，文章比较了现在和过去父母与孩子之间关系的差异，指出两者的代沟在逐渐缩小，不过依然存在，同时指出现在父母和孩子的平等关系也会产生负面影响，如子女对父母的不尊重等； [答案解析]
41．C词义推测题：由上文(特别是gap)和下句(特别是separate orbits)可知，上几代的父母与孩子之间不仅是在音乐爱好方面有“差异”，而且从发型、衣着，到活动、期望等各方面，差异都很大。最大的干扰项是distance，文章的确提到distant relationship，但关系还没有到不同路的地步：
42． D．归纳判断题，由第1段首句dress alike．1isten to the same music以及talk about interests both enjoy等可知，父母与孩子有更多的共同兴趣，表明代沟在渐渐消失：选项A、B、C都属于share interests的范畴，D项包括后三项，是最全面的概括：
43．B．细节理解题；第6段第l句中的the new equality就是上文所说的父母与孩子关系的变化：最大干扰项是A和C，如考生缺乏升华概括能力的话，就容易误选，不管是孩子对父母缺少尊重还是父母间产生更多的迷惑，都是这种新型的平等关系所产生的“结果”，这里问的是变化是什么，而不是变化的结果是什么：
44．A. 细节理解题：结合上一段可知，today's parents就是60年代后的父母，他们与孩子有更多的交流，更加民主，他们应当是顺应这种变化趋势的：
45．B．推断写作目的，由全文内容，特别是由the generation gap has not disappeared，but“it is getting narrow等关键词句可知，本文主要是讨论父母与孩子之间的关系的发展过程。
B
Sometimes you’ll hear people say that you can’t love others until you love yourself. Sometimes you’ll hear people say that you can’t expect someone else to love you until you love yourself. Either way, you’ve got to love yourself first and this can be tricky. Sure we all know that we’re the apple of our parents’ eyes, and that our Grandmas think we’re great talents and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics. but sometimes it’s a lot harder to think such nice thoughts about ourselves. If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge. it is time you build a positive self-image and learn to love yourself.
Self-image is your own mind’s picture of yourself. This image includes the way you look, the way you act, the way you talk and the way you think. Interestingly, our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about US. Unfortunately, most of these images are more negative than they should be. Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world.
The best way to defeat a passive self-image is to step back and decide to stress your successes. That is, make a list if you need to, but write down all of the great things you do every
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day. Don’t allow doubts to occur in it.
It very well might be that you are experiencing a negative self-image because you can’t move past one flaw or weakness that you see about yourself. Well, roll up your sleeves and make a change of it as your primary task. If you think you’re silly because you aren’t good at math, find a tutor. If you think you’re weak because you can’t run a mile, get to the track and practice. If you think you’re dull because you don’t wear the latest trends, buy a few new clothes. But remember, just because you think it doesn’t mean it’s true.
The best way to get rid of a negative serf-image is to realize that your image is far from objective, and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities. Changing the way you think and working on those you need to improve will go a long way towards promoting a positive self-image. When you can pat(拍) yourself on the back, you’ll know you’re well on your way. Good luck!
46. You need to build a positive self-image when you _________.
A. dare to challenge yourself B. feel it hard to change yourself C. are unconfident about yourself D. have a high opinion of yourself 47. According to the passage, our serf-images _________.
A. have positive effects B. are probably untrue C. are often changeable D. have different functions
48. How should you change your serf-image according to the passage?
A. To keep a different image of others. B. To make your life successful. C. To understand your own world. D. To change the way you think. 49. What is the passage mainly about?
A. How to prepare for your success. B. How to face challenges in your life. C. How to build a positive self-image. D. How to develop your good qualities. 50. Who are the intended readers of the passage?
A. Parents. B. Adolescents. C. Educators. D. People in general. [文章导读]
构建积极的自我形象是进一步增强自信、关爱自己的有效途径之一：文章叙述了建立积极的自我形象的内容、途径和消除消极自我形象的意义： [答案解析] 46．C. 细节理解题。本题题眼在第l段最后一句：关键是理解If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge，“当你觉得自信是一种挑战时”，也就是“当你不够自信时”：
47. B．细节理解题；由第2段中的Interestingly，our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us，第4段最后一句But remember，just because you think it doesn't mean it's true和第5段第l句The best way to get rid of a negative self-image is to realize that your
image is far more objective ，and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities可知，很多时候自我形象是不真实的。 48．D．细节理解题。由第2段最后一句Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world和文章倒数第2句 Changing the way you think and working on those you need to improve will go a long way towards promoting a positive self-image可知。
49．C．主旨大意题：第l段最后一句中有build a positive self-image，第3段首句的the
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best way to defeat a passive self-image is to...，最后一段的首句The best way to get rid of a negative self-image is to...都是说明如何构建自我形象的， 50．B．推理判断题：由第l段第4句中we're the apple of our parents’eyes...，our Grandmas think we're．．．等可知，本文应当是写给青少年阅读的：
C
Napoleon, as a character in Tolstoy’s War and Peace, is more than once described as having “fat little hands.’’ Nor does he “sit well or firmly on the horse.’’ He is said to be “undersized.’’ with“short legs’’ and a “round stomach”. The issue here is not the accuracy of Tolstoy’s description--it seems not that far off from historical accounts but his choice of facts：other things that could be said of the man are not said. We are meant to understand the difference of a warring commander in the body of a fat little Frenchman. Tolstoy’s Napoleon could be any man wandering in the streets and putting a little of powdered tobacco up his nose—and that is the point.
It is a way the novelist uses to show the moral nature of a character. And it turns out that, as Tolstoy has it, Napoleon is a crazy man. In a scene in Book Three of War and Peace, the wars having reached the critical year of 1812,Napoleon receives a representative from the Tsar(沙皇), who has come with peace terms. Napoleon is very angry：doesn’t he have more army? He, not the Tsar, is the one to make the terms. He will destroy all of Europe if his army is stopped. “That is what you will have gained by engaging me in the war!” he shouts. And then, Tolstoy writes, Napoleon “walked silently several times up and down the room, his fat shoulders moving quickly.’’
Still later, after reviewing his army amid cheering crowds, Napoleon invites the shaken Russian to dinner. “He raised his hand to the Russian’s…face,” Tolstoy writes, and “taking him by the ear pulled it gently….” To have one’s ear pulled by the Emperor was considered the greatest honor and mark of favor at the French court. “Well, well, why don’t you say anything?’’ said he, as if it was ridiculous in his presence to respect any one but himself, Napoleon.
Tolstoy did his research, but the composition is his own.
51. Tolstoy’s description of Napoleon in War and Peace is _________. A. far from the historical facts B. based on the Russian history C. based on his selection of facts D. not related to historical details
52. Napoleon was angry when receiving the Russian representative because _________. A. he thought he should be the one to make the peace terms B. the Tsar's peace terms were hard to accept C. the Russians stopped his military movement D. he didn’t have any more army to fight with
53. What did Napoleon expect the Russian representative to do?
A. To walk out of the room in anger. B. To show agreement with him. C. To say something about the Tsar. D. To express his admiration. 54. Tolstoy intended to present Napoleon as a man who is _________.
A. ill-mannered in dealing with foreign guests B. fond of showing off his iron will C. determined in destroying all of Europe D. crazy for power and respect 55. What does the last sentence of the passage imply? A. A writer doesn’t have to be faithful to his findings. B. A writer may write about a hero in his own way.
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C. A writer may not be responsible for what he writes. D. A writer has hardly any freedom to show his feelings. [文章导读]
小说《战争与和平》中对拿破仑的描述与历史上的人物形象有一定的差异，作者托尔斯泰以历史研究为基础，用自己的方式对其进行了一定的艺术加工和提炼－51．C细节理解题。由第1段第4句The issue here is not the accuracy of Tolstoy's description--it seems not that far off from historical accounts--but his choice of facts...可知： 作者以选择事实为依据，写出了自己笔下的拿破仑形象：关键句式not．．．but．．． (不是……而是……)，关键词是该句中的choice与选项中的selection同义： [答案解析]
52．A. 细节理解题：由第2段中的He. not the Tsar，is the one to make the terms可知：拿破仑很自负，也说明了他的狂妄自大： 53．D．推理判断题：由文章第3段To have one's ear pulled by the Emperor was considered the greatest honor and mark of favor at the French court可推知，他认为他轻轻地拉了拉沙皇代表的耳朵，沙皇代表应当感到最大的光荣和受宠； 由后一句“Well，well，why don't you say anything?'’可推断，他是希望沙皇代表赞美他、仰慕他：
54．D．推理判断题；第2段第l句“小说家通过精选某些事实来描写某一人物是表现人物的道德本性的一种手法”，托尔斯泰用会见沙皇这件事来说明拿破仑是一个权利欲很强的人，特别期望别人对他的尊重。
55．A. 推断隐含意义。历史上的拿破仑和托尔斯泰笔下的拿破仑有很大的出入，整篇文章也证明了作家可以根据历史事实创作，但又不必完全忠实于自己对事实的发现，即作者可根据需要进行一定的提炼把人物丑化或美化。 [解题思路] 1．考生做题时，应在文章中确定几个名词为中心词，如A篇可以找到interests，generation gap，relationship等为该篇的中心词，B篇的中心词为self-image，challenge等， C篇的中心词为description，character等；然后分析题目考什么(推理、主旨、细节、猜词)，在题干中划出关键词(如42题的关键词为generation gap，disappearing，43题的关键词为change，relationship)，带着关键词在原文中快速找原信息句，用排除法确定准确答案：
2．2008年很多考生反映读懂了文章却不知道选哪一个，其原因之一是不熟悉相关的命题规律，理不清解题思路。除考查语篇的基本信息外，设置什么样的干扰项也决定着阅读理解的难度。通常情况下，正确选项与干扰项之间有以下三种不同的关系，考生要学会分析： 1)干扰项与文章内容相矛盾，正确选项与干扰项为正与误的关系。如43题，虽然干扰项的描述都能从文章找到相同的字眼，但A项和D项出现在同一段和同一个人话中，描述的是：父母亲对孩子仍然很严格并具有权威性，但有一个变化，在这个变化中间，父母产生了很多困惑，C项是指这种新的平等造成孩子不太尊重父母了，而不是说现在父母和孩子关系变化的内容，故干扰项都是错误的：还有5l题和52题，各干扰项与正确答案的信息句意思不符。
2)干扰项与文章内容不矛盾，但在文章中没有相关支持信息，正确选项与干扰项之间为实与虚的关系。如：44题、47题、48题，每个干扰项虽然都有可能正确，但在文中却找不到相关的支撑点。考生做此类题时，切忌从文章以外去寻找支持信息，把自己的、某些权威人士的或常识性的观点作为选择的依据。 3)干扰项不仅与文章内容相符。而且在文中可以找到相关的信息支持点，其之所以错误，是因为在某种程度上偏离了题目要求，这时干扰项与答案之间为正与偏的关系：其具体表现经常是合理与不合理关联、准确概括与不准确概括之间的错位：
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不合理关联就是把文章的深层或表层信息错误地联系在一起：如55题最大干扰项是B，因为有的考生会受到“……，but the composition is his own”影响而误选B．在这类题目中，答案所揭示的合理关系多为隐含的：
不准确概括是指不能准确地按题目要求概括或提取文中的深层或表层信息，具体表现为涵盖过宽或过窄以及视觉错位：如A篇的45题干扰项A、C、D涵盖过窄： 阅读理解题的干扰项可分为三种类型：与文字中内容相矛盾称之为“误”；在文中没有信息支持点称之为“虚”；不能完全符合题目的要求称之为“偏”：通常情况下，“误”类干扰项错误较明显．也较易辨别；而“偏”类的干扰项比较难鉴别。为了能迅速准确地排除干扰项并选准答案，考生答题时应按照“误否?虚否?偏否?”的三级思考程序来分析鉴别每一个选项，即先看与文中内容是否相矛盾。再看在文中有没有信息支持点，最后看能不能完全符合题目的要求。经过一级思考即可定论的干扰项，勿须再过多考虑；而经过三级思考仍不能排除的选项，往往就是正确答案。
五、实战演练
阅读理解专题练习 第1篇
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 词数：365 完成时间：7分钟 难度：*** You're in a bit of a dilemma standing in front of the produce section of your local supermarket. In one hand, you're holding a conventionally grown Granny Smith apple. In your other hand, you have one that's been organically grown. Both apples are firm, shiny and green. Both provide vitamins and fiber, and both are free of fat, sodium and cholesterol.
The conventionally grown apple costs less and is a proven family favorite. But the organic apple has a label that says \"USDA Organic\". Does that mean it's better? Safer? More nutritious? Several differences between organic and non-organic foods exist. Become a better informed consumer for your next trip to the supermarket. 'h'Conventional vs organic farming
The word \"organic\" refers to the way farmers grow' and process agricultural products, such as fruits, vegetables, grains, dairy products and meat. Organic fainting practices are designed to encourage soil and water conservation and reduce pollution. Farmers who grow organic produce and meat don't use conventional methods to fertilize, control weeds or prevent livestock disease. Here are other differences between conventional farming and organic farming: Conventional farmers Organic farmers Apply chemical fertilizers to promote plant Apply natural fertilizers to feed soil and plants. growth, Apply insecticides to reduce pests and Use beneficial insects and birds to reduce pests disease. and disease. Give animals antibiotics (抗生素), growth hormones( 激素) and medications to prevent disease and promote growth, housing Give animals organic feed and allow them access to the outdoors. Use preventive measures -- such as a balanced diet and clean housing － to help minimize disease. * Organic or not? Check the label
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has established an organic certification program
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that requires all organic foods to meet strict government standards. These standards regulate how such foods are grown, handled and processed. Any farmer or food manufacturer who labels and sells a product as organic must be USDA certified as meeting these standards. Only producers who sell less than $5,000 a year in organic foods are exempt(免除) from this certification.
If a food bears a USDA Organic label, it means it's produced and processed according to the USDA standards. The seal is voluntary, but many organic producers use it. 1. The main purpose of the passage is ________________. A. to promote the sales of organic food
B. to inform people organic food is better for their health C. to persuade people to become informed consumers D. to compare conventional and organic foods
2. According to the passage, organic farming is intended to ________________. A. improve the quality of the soil and water
B. take the place of the traditional agriculture entirely
C. adopt eco-friendly methods to grow plants and feed animals D. prevent livestock from getting disease more effectively
3. According to the passage, the conventionally grown apple ________________. A. costs less but tastes worse than an organic one B. doesn't look the same as an organic one C. has proven itself acceptable by the family D. contains more fat, sodium and cholesterol
4. Which of the following methods belongs to organic farming? A. Using chemicals to kill insects and prevent disease. B. Using rotted plants as fertilizer to promote plant growth. C. Using growth hormones to speed up animals' growth. D. Using pests to reduce insects and disease.
5. From the passage we know the organic certification program ________________. A. is not meant for all producers of produce
B. makes it compulsory to attach a USDA Organic label C. sets restrictions on the sales of organic produce
D. requires all foods to satisfy the strict government standards 答案：
本文重点介绍了有机食品的相关情况。 1. D。 主旨大意题。文章首先提到人们在超市面对选择传统食物还是有机食物的困惑，接
下来写传统耕作方式和有机食物的耕作方式的区别，由此可判断本文是对有机食物和非有机食物的对比。
2. C。 推理判断题。根据方框中所给的采用传统种植和养殖方式和有机的种植和养殖方
式，可以看出有机种植和养殖采用的是无污染、不用化学药品等不妨碍生态环境的方法，故C正确。
3. C。 细节判断题。根据第一段中的“Both apples are firm, shiny and green. Both
provide vitamins and fiber, and both are free of fat, sodium and cholesterol.”可知这两种苹果看起来都很结实，有光泽，也都是绿色的，故B错误，这两种苹果都含有维生素和纤维，都不含有脂肪、钠和胆固醇，故判断D错误，根据第二段中的“The conventionally grown apple costs less and is a
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proven family favorite.”可知虽然传统方式种植的苹果比较便宜，但却符合家人的口味，故可判断C正确。
4. B。 细节判断题。通过方框中对两种种植和养殖的方式进行对比，可以看出用腐烂的植
物做肥料是有机种植的方式，故B正确。
5. A。 推理判断题。倒数第二段提到USDA为有机食物制定了严格的标准，而传统食物无
需达到这些标准，也就是这个标准是专门为有机食物制定的，故选A。
阅读理解专题练习 第2篇
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 词数：288 完成时间：6分钟 难度：** Alia Sabur, from Northport, N. Y., US, went to college at age 10. And four years later, Sabur became a bachelor of science in. Applied Mathematics summa cum laude（以最优等成绩）from Stony Brook University -- the youngest female in US history to do so. Her education continued at Drexel University, where she earned a Master of Science and a Doctor of Philosophy (哲学博士) in Materials Science and Engineering.
With an unlimited future ahead of her, Sabur directed her first career choice to teaching. \"I really enjoy teaching,\" she said. She was three days short of her 19th birthday in February, 2008, when she was hired to become a professor at Konkuk University in Seoul, Korea. This distinction made her the youngest college professor in history, according to the Guinness' Book of Worm Records, beating the previous record held by Colin Maclaurin, a student of Isaac Newton, in 1717.
Although she doesn't start until next month, Sabur has taken up teaching math and physics courses at Southern University in New Orleans. Sabur is old enough to teach in the city, but not to join her fellow professors in a bar after work. In Korea, where the drinking age is 20, she might have more luck. In traditional Korean culture, children are considered to be 1 year old-when they are born, and add a year to their age every New Year instead of their actual birthday, so in Korea Sabur is considered 20.
On top of her unprecedented (空前的) academic achievements, Sabur has a black belt in Tae Kwon Do (跆拳道黑带). She is also a talented clarinet (竖笛) player who has performed with musicians like Lang Lang and Smash Mouth. So is there anything Sabur can't do? 6. We can learn from the passage that Sabur is ________. A. America's youngest bachelor of science B. Drexel University's youngest student C. the world'syoungest college professor D. the world's youngest female teacher
7. When Sabur was hired as a professor, her actual age is ________. A. fourteen B. eighteen C. nineteen D. twenty
8. What does the author mean by saying \"she might have more luck\" (in Paragraph 3)? A. Sabur might be permitted to drink in a Korean bar. B. Sabur would be allowed to attend parties in Korea. C. Sabur is old enough to teach at Konkuk University. D. Sabur is lucky to be hired by Konkuk University.
9. What does the author mainly want to show in the last paragraph?
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A. Sabur spends little time in study. B. Sabur likes music more thain sports. C. Sabur has her own way to relax. D. Sabur is talented in many ways.
10. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A. Alia Sabur is the youngest female doctor from Stony Brook University. B. Colin Maclaurin has once been the youngest college professor in the world. C. In Korea, Alia Sabur is not allowed to drink for she is still underage. D. Alia Sabur knows anything but Tae Kwon Do. 答案： 美国女孩Sabur今年被吉尼斯世界纪录评为世界上最年轻的教授。
6. C。 细节判断题。根据第二段最后一句This distinction made her the youngest college
professor in history ．．．可知，Sabur是世界上最年轻的大学教授。distinction在此处的意思是“卓越，殊荣”，指上一句提到的“Sabur在差三天19岁生日时，被韩国建国大学聘为教授”这一殊荣。
7. B。 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句She was three days short of her 19th birthday ．．． in
Seoul, Korea可知，Sabur被聘为教授那天，距她的19岁生日还差三天，因此，当时她还是18岁。
8. A。 句意理解题。根据第三段的In Korea, where the drinking age is 20和in Korea Sabur is
considered 20可知，在韩国Sabur可能被允许进入酒吧。第三段最后一句的大意为：根据传统韩国文化，孩子一出生算一岁，每年过新年的时候就长一岁，不需要等到过生日那天，所以，在韩国Sabur被认为是20岁。
9. D。 段意理解题。最后一段介绍了Sabur在其他领域取得的骄人成绩。最后一句So is there
anything Sabur can’t do?表达了作者对Sabur多才多艺的赞叹。
10. B。 根据第2段beating the previous record by Colin Maclaurin, a student of Isaac Newton, in
1717可以推断 Colin Maclaurin曾经是美国吉尼斯世界记录上最年轻的教授。
阅读理解专题练习 第3篇
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 词数：326 完成时间：7分钟 难度：*** Why should I teach my children history? That sounds like a stupid question to even ask. But, as I hear different home schooling teachers discuss history, I get the idea that there may be different reasons for teaching history. Let me briefly explain the three good reasons for studying history and two bad reasons for studying history.
The major reason I see for studying history is that we can learn from the past. I am convinced that the world would be a much better place if more people understood the successes and failures of the past and the thifigs that made these successes and failures. However, as the unfortunately true statement goes \"the one thing we seem to learn from history is that we don't seem to learn from history.\" Perhaps at least in teaching history, to my children I can do a small part in changing this.
A second major reason for studying history is that it is hard to understand the current political climate in the absence of an understanding of its historical context. We can- not even understand
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why we are and where we are without history, much less (更不必说) try to figure out where we are going or how we should get where we want to be.
I teach my children history, for one more reason. I purchased a set of historical audio (录音机) tapes for our children. My seven-year-old son listened to them over and over. It was my hope that he would become inspired by the accomplishments of people like the Wright brothers to accomplish things by himself. I think that it is good that we celebrate the accomplishments of people like Martin Luther King Jr. if, in doing so, young people are called on to stand for the principles that he stood for and accomplish what he accomplished. I also think that by studying people like Adolph Hitler, people can learn to stand against the things that he stood for. 11. What message can we get from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 ? A. Many people aren't clever enough to learn well from the past.
B. Many people fail to make good use of history and make the same mistakes. C. Many people feel it hard to understand history. D. Many people have no interest in studying history.
12. In Paragraph 3, the author shows that history is useful because _______________. A. it makes the current political situation go smoothly B. it helps us realize the importance of historical events C. it helps us understand why things are the way they are D. it helps people accept the present situation where they live
13. Some historical figures are mentioned in the last paragraph to show ______________. A. people can be inspired to do good, while also learning to fight against evil B. people may also learn from bad historical figures
C. more celebrations should be held to honor their achievements D. today’s people can also achieve what they achieved 14. What would be talked about in the following paragraph? A. How to teach history effectively.
B. Some negative reasons for studying history. C. How to get more people to study history. D. Some bad historical figures.
15. The main purpose of this passage is to ____________. A. ins[me the parents to teach their children history B. show the importance of history in politics C. explain the reasons why children study history D. introduce the writer' s own way of teaching history, 答案：
本文主要讲了学习历史的三个主要的正面的原因。一是，以史为鉴，可以从历史中吸取教训。二是，在了解历史的基础上，更好得了解目前的状况。三是，鼓励人们向伟大的历史人物学习，为社会多做贡献。 11. B。 细节推断题。根据第二段首句可知作者认为学习历史的一个重要的原因是从过去的
历史学到东西，但是不幸的是“我们好像从历史中学到的东西是我们好像并没有从历史中学到东西”这句话的含义表明，实际上很多人并没有从充分利用好历史的价值，因此作者希望在教授自己的孩子历史时可以尽一点力量改变这一现状。
12. C。 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“A second major reason for studying history
is that it is hard to understand the current political climate in the absence
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of an understanding of its historical context.”可知，如果不了解历史我们就可能不知道当前的政治气候，就不可能知道我们为什么会成为我们现在的样子等等，因此可以推断学习历史可以让我们知道很多事情的形成的原因，直到很多事情为什么会是现在的样子。
13. A。 细节推断题。根据“It was my hope that he would become inspired by the
accomplishments of people like the Wright brothers to accomplish things by himself.”这句话可知，作者希望孩子能向历史人物学习，做出伟大的贡献。
14. B。 推理判断题。根据文章的第一段“Let me briefly explain the three good reasons
for studying history and two bad reasons for studying history.”可知作者在谈完了学习历史的积极的原因之后，就要在后面的段落中谈论学习历史的一些消极的原因。
15. C。 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段的内容可知作者旨在对孩子们学习历史的有益和有害
的原因进行说明。
阅读理解专题练习 第4篇
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 词数：341 完成时间：6分钟 难度：** One year, my school report made my parents angry. On Christmas Eve, all the presents were stolen, along with our TV. My parents told me that there were no presents because Santa was very angry with my behavior over the past year. The next year on Christmas Eve I slept downstairs with a plastic sword waiting for Santa to make sure that he didn't steal the new TV. The next morning, when I woke up, I saw Santa standing there. As soon as I saw that there were no presents, I grabbed my plastic sword and ran at him, shouting angrily: \"THIEF! THIEF!\" Jack
When I was young, we always had a specific room for the Christmas tree. My mom never really liked the location, so one year she moved the tree into another room. I was convinced that Santa would not know where the tree was and would get lost in our house. I was worried that he would be mad and put me on the \"bad\" list and would not give me any gifts because he couldn't find the tree. I came up with the idea to make signs leading from the fireplace to the tree. They said things like: \"Tree this way\" or \"Santa, put the gifts over here.\" When my big brother saw them he began to laugh his head off.
Lucy
Does everyone remember going to the mall and sitting on Santa’s lap to have his picture taken at Christmas time?
Well, I used to think that if I did that, Santa would get mad because he would have to go all around the world and give every kid the chance to have his picture taken with him. Of course his lap would hurt and he would be very fired. I thought he might keep a copy of the picture and that would be how he decided who would be on his naughty list.
My mom couldn't get me onto Santa's lap until she made him promise I wouldn't end up on his naughty list.
Lydia
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16. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Belief in Santa
B. The Excitement on Christmas C. Christmas Gifts
D. Christmas Celebration
17. The real reason why Jack's TV was taken away is that ______________. A. his parents were too careless
B. his parents thought he had watched too much TV C. Santa Claus was not satisfied with Jack’s behavior D. Santa gave the TV to another child as a present
18. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons why Lucy didn't want the tree to be moved? A. Santa would not know where the tree was.
B. Santa would be angry and would not give her any gifts. C. Her big brother might laugh at her.
D. Santa might think she was a \"bad\" child.
19. We can learn from the third story that _______________. A. Lydia’s mother was very Strict with her
B. Lydia believed in Santa when she was young C. Lydia was naughty when she was young D. Lydia liked taking pictures with Santa
20. Why didn't Lydia want to take pictures with Santa? A. She was afraid that Santa would get mad with her.
B. She was afraid that Santa would get too tired and hurt himself. C. She disliked the idea that Santa would keep a copy of her picture. D. She feared that she would appear in the Santa's naughty list. 答案：
曾经童真的我们，都相信过圣诞老人的存在，儿时的天真现在想来可能会让大家忍俊不禁，下面就让我们听听这三个人讲述自己童年时代与圣诞老人的故事…… 16. A。 主旨大意题。三个故事都是关于儿时与圣诞老人的故事，而且三个故事的讲述者在
儿时都相信圣诞老人的存在，所以A项正确。
17. B。 细节理解题。第二个故事一开始就告诉我们Jack在学校的成绩通知书使他父母很
生气，所以父母认为是看电视太多导致成绩下降，在圣诞前夕就把电视藏起来了，却告知Jack电视是圣诞老人对Jack上一年的表现不满而被偷走了。
18. C。 细节理解题。哥哥笑是因为他知道世界上根本就没有圣诞老人，看到妹妹天真的行
为感到好笑。所以这个不是让Lucy不想让圣诞树移位的原因。
19. B。 细节判断题。由最后一段“My mom couldn’t get me onto Santa’s lap until she
made him promise I wouldn’t end up on his naughty list.”可知Lydia相信这个世界上有naughty list的存在，也相信圣诞老人有把她放到“淘气孩子名单”的权力，那么，很自然，这一切都表明Lydia相信这个世界存在圣诞老人。
20. D。 细节理解题。根据Lydia的描述可知，Lydia害怕圣诞老人与她合影后，又不得不
走遍全世界和每一个孩子合影，这样圣诞老人会很累，有可能因此会迁怒于她，把她放到“淘气孩子名单”中，所以她才不愿意和圣诞老人合影，D项是最后的结果，也因此是使Lydia不愿意和圣诞老人合影的最根本原因，所以D项正确。
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阅读理解专题练习 第5篇
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 词数：241 完成时间：6分钟 难度：** Some time ago, I discovered that one of my chairs had a broken leg. I didn't think there would be any difficulty in getting it mended, as there are a lot of antique (古董) shops near my home. So I left home one morning carrying the chair with me. I went into the first shop expecting a friendly reception. I was quite wrong. The man wouldn't even look at my chair.
The second shop, though slightly more polite, was just the same, and the third and the fourth, so I decided that my approach must be wrong.
I went into the fifth shop with a plan in my mind. I placed the chair on the floor and said to the shopkeeper, \"Would you like to buy a chair?\" He looked it over carefully and said, \"Yes, not a bad chair. How much do you want for it, sir?\" \"Twenty pounds,\" I said. \"OK,\" he said, \"I'll give you twenty pounds.\" \"It's got a slightly broken leg,\" I said. \"Yes, I saw that, it's nothing.\"
Everything was going according to my plan and I was getting excited. \"What will you do with it?\" I asked. “ Oh, it will be easy to sell once the repair is done.\" \"I'll buy it,\" I said. \"What do you mean? You've just sold it to me.\" he said. \"Yes, I know but I've changed my mind. I'm sorry, but I'll give you twenty-seven pounds for it.\" \"You must be crazy,\" he said. Then, suddenly the penny dropped. \"I know what you want. You want me to repair your chair.\" \"You're right,\" I said, \"And what would you have done if I had walked in and said, “Would you mend this chair for me… ?” \"I wouldn't have agreed to do it,\" he said, \"We don't do repairs, not enough money in it and too much trouble. But I'll mend this for you, shall we say for a fiver?\" He was a very nice man and was greatly amused (感到有趣) by the whole thing.
21. We can learn from the text that in the first shop the writer ____________.
A. was rather impolite. B. was warmly received.
C. asked the shopkeeper to buy his chair. D. asked the shopkeeper to repair his chair.
22. The expression \"the penny dropped\" in the last paragraph means the shopkeeper __________. A. changed his mind B. accepted the offer
C. saw the writer's purpose D. decided to help the writer 23．How much did the writer pay?
A．￡5． B．￡7． C．￡20． D．￡27． 24．From the text，we call learn that the writer was ________. A．honest B．careful C．smart D．funny
25．The word“approach”in the second paragraph means ________ in Chinese in this passage． A. 观点 B．接近 C. 走近D．办法 答案：
21．答案是D. 在第一家商店，店家连看都不看一眼，可见他想请人修椅子被拒绝了，后来
在第二、三、四家也被拒绝：
22．答案是C．从对方的回答“我知道你想干啥，你想让我帮你修椅子”可知他的计谋被识破，
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23．答案是A．“我”主动提出给七英镑作为维修费，而“他”很好(a very nice man )，提出
“fiver'’，可见它的意思是五英镑。
24．答案是C从文中不难看出“我”是什么样的人：随机应变，灵活。 25．答案是D．
阅读理解专题练习 第6篇
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 词数：330 完成时间：6分钟 难度：** With all the wars, fighting and sadness in the world today, it's not only necessary, but also essential to have a good sense of humor just to help us get through each and every day of our lives. Putting a smile on someone's face when you know they are feeling down in the dumps ( 处于沮丧中), as the saying goes, makes me feel good and warms my heart.
How would you feel if you could not joke around with your wife, husband, child, co-worker neighbor, close friend, or even just someone that you are standing in line with at your comer store? I am always saying things that make others smile or laugh, even if I don't know the person I'm joking around with. My Grandma always found humor in everything she did, even if it was the hardest job anyone could imagine. This not only relieves stress in any situation, but also is common courtesy (礼貌) to speak to others that are around you.
I know of a few people that don’t have a funny bone in their bodies, as they say. Everyone around them could be rolling on the floor after hearing a great joke and they would sit there without the slightest smile on their face. They don't get the joke that makes others laugh. I am busting a gut while they just sit there, looking at me as if I were from outer space. How can people not get a really funny joke?
Laughing is essential to keep your stress levels under control. Without humor we would find ourselves with a lot of psychological problems, or on a lot of medications to keep us from going crazy. There is too much sadness in this present world. It drives people crazy. We all need to find a way to bypass the sadness and bring a little light into our lives. So, I believe our best medicine is to get together and tell some jokes and have some fun laughing together.
26. According to the author, humor is useful in the aspect that ____________. A. it makes people more confident B. it can pick up people' s spirits
C. it can help get rid of the cruelty in the world D. it can help people get on well with others
27. The author answers the question in the second paragraph with ___________. A. facts and descriptions B. evidence and argument C. examples and conclusion D. stories and persuasion
28. The phrase “busting a gut\" in the third paragraph can be replaced by __________. A. explaining carefully
B. speaking loud C. keeping silent D. laughing hard
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29. In writing the passage, the author mainly intends to __________. A. talk about his own understanding of humor B. encourage people to be humorous in daily life C. introduce a practical way to get through daily life
D. convince people of the power of being optimistic about life 30. What is the author' s attitude towards the present world? A. Positive. B. Critical. C. Satisfied. D. Indifferent. [答案]
面对世上的战争、斗争和悲伤，如何才能让自己快乐地生活呢？学会幽默，你就可以做到这一点。作者通过自己的很多亲身经历，说明了幽默的作用，鼓励人们学会幽默，以积极的态度面对生活。
26. B。 细节推断题。根据第一段中的“Putting a smile on someone’s face when you know they
are feeling down in the dumps, as the saying goes, makes me feel good and warms my heart.”可知幽默可以让那些情绪低落的人脸上露出微笑，由此判断幽默的作用在于提高人们的情绪。
27. C。 推理判断题。在第二段中作者提到了自己和奶奶在日常生活中非常幽默，这是在举
例说明；第二段的最后一句话是在总结幽默在日常生活中的作用，因此答案为C。
28. D。 词义推断题。根据第三段中“Everyone around them could be rolling on the floor after
hearing a great joke, but they would sit there without the slightest smile on their face. They don’t get the joke that makes others laugh.”可知并不是所有的人都能理解一个笑话的可笑之处，有些人会笑得不得了，而有些人却无动于衷；然后作者再根据自己亲身体会进一步说明：他大笑的时候，而那些人却只是坐在那里，像看着外星人一样地看着他，由此可判断用D项代替bust a gut。
29. B。 主旨推断题。根据文章内容尤其是最后一段最后一句“So, I believe our best medicine
is to get together and tell some jokes and have some fun laughing together.”可知作者是在说明幽默的作用后来鼓励人们在日常生活中学会幽默应对这个压力重重的世界。
30. B。 推理判断题。根据第一段的“With all the wars, fighting and sadness in the world
today ...”以及末段的“There is too much sadness in this present world. It drives people crazy.”可知作者对当前的世界持批判的态度。
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