考研英语二(阅读)模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)

考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷2 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. No reliable statistics show how many parents or schools use it, but the Positive Discipline Association, a non-profit that ran 18 training workshops in 2005, found itself running 51 in 2010. Doubters fear that positive really means permissive. Not so, says Maria Vannucci of the Adler School of Professional Psychology in Chicago. The goal is to connect with a child, rather than simply barking “ Shut up!” or “ Go to your room!” For example, a child who is getting underfoot in the kitchen may need to feel involved and be given something to do, such as rolling pastry or folding napkins. One who has given up on his homework may need to have the task broken down. A toddler who hits another may not know why he is angry; he may be removed or told: “ Use your gentle hands. “ Bribes are out: positive disciplinarians fear they may prevent a child from developing pride in a job well done.

6． According to Paragraph 1, which one of the following is true? A．Positive discipline is absolutely superior to “naughty step”.

B．Parents used to choose more violent ways to teach their children.

C．Supernanny advises parents to use “naughty step” and “positive discipline”. D．Some people suggest “naughty step” is both physically and mentally damaging.

正确答案：B

解析：选项[A]是无中生有。选项[B]定位到第一段第二句：These days less violent formsof discipline are favoured．(如今更加温和的教育方式备受青睐。)该项意为：过去父母选择更加暴力的方式教育子女。可见该项是原文的同义表述，或者“正话反说”，该项正确。选项[C]对应第三句：Supernanny，a television toddler-tamer，recommends the“naughty step”…该项说的却是advises“naughty step”and“positive discipline”，可见该项是错误的。选项[D]对应最后一句：Some even suggest it may be psychologically damaging．文章只提到psychologically damaging(对心理造成损害)，该项说的却是both physically and mentally damaging(对身心都造成损害)，可见该项也是错误的。 知识模块：阅读

7． Which one of the behaviors may be “positive discipline”? A．Scream at children and then reason with them.

B．Scold children and let them reflect upon themselves. C．Gently ask children to find way to solve the problem. D．Ask children to put their toys away and punish them.

正确答案：C

解析：根据positive discipline和出题顺序定位到第二段，该段第二句提到：Rather thanscreaming at them to pick up the toys they have thrown on the floor，

parents or teachers ask them tosuggest their own way of tackling the problem．根据该句表述我们可以得知选项[C]是正确的。其余几项中，scream at，scold，punish等词都体现不出“positive discipline积极的教育方式”，故其余几项均是错误的。 知识模块：阅读

8． The underlined word “guru”(Para 4, Line 1)most probably means______. A．an expert B．a teacher C．a doctor D．a writer

正确答案：A

解析：词义题可以通过上下文背景来推断，该词所在背景句为：family consultant andchild—care guru．由于and前后的信息是平行、并列的，因此and前后两个词经常是同义词、近义词或者有相关关系的词，故可以判断guru与之前的“consultant顾问”是接近的。我们再看四个选项中是否出现与“consultant顾问”相近的词。四个选项分别是[A]专家；[B]教师；[C]医生；[D]作家。与“顾问”最接近的是“专家”，故该题答案为选项[A]expert。 知识模块：阅读

9． Maria Vannucci suggests that______. A．positive discipline means permissive

B．positive discipline may do harm to children

C．positive discipline will deprive children of confidence

D．the aim of positive discipline is to communicate with a child

正确答案：D

解析：根据Marla Vannucci定位到最后一段第二句和第三句：Not so，says Marla Vannucciof the Adler School of Professional Psychology in Chicago．The goal is to connect with a child，ratherthan simply barking“Shut up!”or“Go to your room!”其中提到The goal is to connect with achild，该表达相当于[D]项的the aim of positive discipline is to communicate with a child，故该题的答案为[D]。其中the goal等同于the aim，to connect等同于to communicate，属于同义句转换。 知识模块：阅读

10． What’s the author’s attitude towards “positive discipline”? A．Permissive. B．Supportive. C．Objective. D．Doubtful.

正确答案：C

解析：全文各段都出现了positive discipline一词，可见这个词是文章的中心词，也是文章讨论的主题，作者并没有在文章中明确表达自己的态度，然而最后一段的前两句为：Doubtersfear that positive really means permissive．Not so，says

Marla Vannucci of the Adler School of Pro-fessional Psychology in Chicago．可见作者只是客观地描述不同人对positive discipline的看法，因此作者的态度是“objective客观的”。该题要注意避免误选[A]或[D]，因为这两个词在最后一段出现过，原文是：Doubters fear that positive really means permissive．这一句提到了positivediscipline的doubter(质疑者)，也提到了permissive一词，但是这些都是他人的观点，作者只是客观描述，与作者本身观点态度无关，因此这两个选项是错误的。故该题答案为选项[C]。 知识模块：阅读

In the Second World War a “blockbuster” was a bomb that could eliminate whole streets. Today it is the kind of hit creation that every media executive prays for. Popular films, books, music albums and sports teams that bring in huge audiences—and vast profits—can determine whether a year is profitable or loss-making, and break a boss’s career. The entertainment industry’s search for the golden release is the focus of “ Blockbusters” by Anita Elberse, a professor of business administration at Harvard Business School. Conventional corporate wisdom maintains that spreading resources across many smaller properties is sounder than pushing money into a few big, concentrated bets. Ms Elberse uses case studies from the film, television , music and sporting worlds to argue that, counterintuitively, “ the idea of smaller bets being ‘ safer’ is a myth. “ Nurturing a few choice works and helps firms create superstars and super products , and is the key to far higher profits. Ms Elberse cites Grand Central Publishing as one example: the top 10% of its titles account for 64% of the publisher’s costs, but 126% of its profits. The thesis that popular products earn more money might seem as obvious as the plot of the latest Hollywood film you saw. But it is not what business experts predicted would happen. In 2006 Chris Anderson, the editor of Wired and a former journalist at The Economist, wrote “The Long Tail; Why the Future of Business is Selling Less of More” , in which he argued that the internet would change the demand curve for entertainment products. With unlimited “ shelf” space available online and more refined search algorithms to direct people to songs and books they might be interested in, niche products would attract more attention and a greater share of spending. Ms Elberse originally disagreed on Mr Anderson’s work in a 2008 article for the Harvard Business Review, which is the basis for her book. The tail has become longer, but the internet has helped bestsellers become even bigger, because people follow the recommendations of friends and casual consumers choose known quantities. In 2011 just 102 of the 8m digital musical tracks sold generated nearly a sixth of all sales. Blockbusters tend to be self-reinforcing, because firms spend more to promote products they think stand a better chance of becoming popular.

11． “ Blockbuster” was mentioned in the first paragraph to______. A．introduce the topic of the text B．introduce the powerful weapon

C．show linguistic differences of modern words D．show various meanings of some English words

正确答案：A

解析：这是一个篇章结构题，问的是文章某一段在全文中的作用，一般这种题型喜欢针对第一段进行提问。该段前两句指出：In the Second World War a“blockbuster”was a bomb thatcould eliminate whole streets．Today it is the kind of hit creation that every media executive praysfor．可见第一句提到“blockbuster”的目的是为了引出第二句，也是为了引出文章讨论的话题，因此选项[A]为答案。 知识模块：阅读

12． Traditional enterprises believe that______. A．Ms Elberse’s studies are ridiculous B．Ms Elberse’s theory is beyond doubt

C．it’s better to concentrate fund on a few big bets

D．it’s safer to put small amount of money into different areas

正确答案：D

解析：根据题干中的traditional enterprises定位到第二段第二句的conventional corporatewisdom，其中traditional对应conventional；enterprises对应corporate。故可以确定答案应该在本句。该句提到：Conventional corporate wisdom maintains that spreading resources across many smaller properties is sounder than pushing money into a few big，concentrated bets．其中spreading re—sources across many smaller properties is sounder对应it’s safer to put small amount of money intodifferent areas，因此选项[D]正确。 知识模块：阅读

13． Ms Elberse holds the view that______.

A．the idea of smaller bets being safer is undoubted

B．cultivating a few choices and putting money in is not a wise way C．creating superstars and super products helps to acquire more profits

D．spreading resources across many smaller properties is definitely sounder

正确答案：C

解析：根据Ms Elberse定位到第二段中间部分：Ms Elberse…argue that，counterintuitively，“the idea of smaller bets being‘safer’is a myth．”Nurturing a few choice works and helpsfirms create superstars and super products，and is the key to far higher profits．可见选项[C]是正确的。其中creating superstars and super products原文中出现了，而helps acquire more profits=is the key to far higher profits，故该题答案为选项[C]。 知识模块：阅读

14． Anderson argues that the Internet______. A．will bring benefits to popular products

B．may reshape consumers’ demand for products

C．will direct people to the most popular books and songs D．will attract more attention and greater share of spending

正确答案：B 解析：根据题干的Anderson定位到第三段。该句指出:．．．in which he argued that the internet would change the demand curve for entertainment products．因此得出答案为选项[B]。其中reshape对应change；demand for products对应demand curve for entertainment products。 知识模块：阅读

15． The Internet will make bestsellers become more popular because______. A．casual consumers choose the products they like B．most consumers follow friends’ recommendations C．companies spend more money to promote products D．most people follow the recommendation of the Internet

正确答案：B

解析：根据题干的Intemet，bestsellers等词定位到最后一段第二句：but the internet hashelped bestsellers become even bigger，because people follow the recommendations of friends andcasual consumers choose known quantities．而该句出现的because一词与题干对应，即该题答案来自原文because之后的信息。选项[A]casual consumers choose the products they like与原文casual consumers choose known quantities不符，故错误。选项[B]与原文people follow the recommendations of friends相符，故正确。选项[C]的表述在原文最后一句有提到，但非该题所问答案。选项[D]与原文follow the recommendations of friends不符，friends被替换成了Internet，属于偷换概念，故错误。综上所述，本题答案为选项[B]。 知识模块：阅读

When people talk about a “north-south divide” in Britain, they usually refer to house prices, employment and the ratio of private-sector to public-sector jobs. The south scores higher on all such measures. But new data from the British Trust for Ornithology(BTO), a research charity, implies the growth of another north-south divide—this time to the north’s benefit. Every 20 years the BTO produces a detailed picture of bird life in Britain and Ireland. The 2007 to 2011 edition is cheery: more species are recorded than in previous pictures, and many birds are increasing in number. Compared with two decades ago, 45% of regular native species are ranging more widely while 32% are living in smaller areas; the rest have stayed put. But the most striking news comes from the north. The overall populations of woodland, farmland and migrant perching birds are up in northern England and Scotland but down in the south. The same is true of individual species such as the garden warbler, bullfinch and swallow. The number of cuckoos, a closely-watched species, declined by 63% in England between 1995 and 2010 but by only 5% in Scotland. Raptors are faring especially well in the south, but their numbers are rising in most parts of Britain. Partly this reflects climate change, suggests Simon Gillings of the BTO. Some birds are drawn to warmer winters in Scotland and northern England; visiting migrants may stick around for longer. Hard though it may be to believe during a week of rain, the south is becoming drier, pushing snipe northward. More efficient farming has squeezed some farmland species. Some birds find it harder to make homes in the

south, too. Pressure on housing means deserted buildings and barns, handy for nesting, have been converted into human dwellings. Between 2006 and 2012 the number of vacant dwellings fell by 17% in London and by 12% in Kent. Over the same period the number of empty houses increased by 16% in Derbyshire and by 10% in Lancashire. Northern mining villages once full of workers are now sparsely populated, points out Ian Bart-lett, a birdwatcher in Hartlepool, in north-east England. They have become hot spots for birds and the people who watch them. Cultural difference also plays a part, thinks Mark Cocker, an expert on birds. The “obsession with tidiness” is stronger in the south, he says. Fewer people cultivate gardens; they prefer to cover them in decking and remove weeds from between concrete slabs. Village greens are mowed short. In contrast, Scotland and northern England have more trees, grassland and wind-swept moors. Less popular with humans, rugged parts of the countryside are filling up with a winged population instead.

16． Which of the following is true about the BTO?

A．It’s a non-profit organization that researches on birds in Britain. B．It’s a charity which protects and offers shelters to birds in Britain.

C．It implies birds prefer living in southern part to northern part in Britain. D．Every 20 years it draws a detailed picture of bird population in the world.

正确答案：A

解析：根据BTO定位到第一段，根据选项[D]中的every 20 years定位到第二段，由此得知该题答案来自一、二两段。选项[A]对应第一段最后一句：But new data from the British Trustfor Ornithology(BTO)，a research charity…．其中出现了两个难词，一是“ornithology鸟类学”，即使不认识这个词，根据下文BTO produces a detailed picture of bird life…可以得知BTO和鸟类有关系；二是“charity慈善机构”。所以[A]项中的non-profit organization(非营利机构)=charity(慈善机构)；research on birds对应ornithology，research这两个信息，故[A]项正确。选项[B]中protects and offers shelters to birds是原文未提到的，属于无中生有。选项[C]对应原文的BTO…implies the growth of another north．south divide—this time to the north’s benefit．从中我们知道，英国北部的鸟类更多，故[C]项表述与原文相反。选项[D]对应第二段首句：Every20 years the BTO produces a detailed picture of bird life in Britain and Ireland．该项前半部分都对，最后的in the world是明显错误，原文说的是in Britain and Ireland，故该项是错误的。 知识模块：阅读

17． The number of species like garden warbler, bullfinch and swallow______. A．goes up in southern England B．increases in most parts of Britain C．decreases dramatically in England

D．rises in the north and declines in the south

正确答案：D

解析：根据题干的garden warbler，bullfinch and swallow这几个陌生词可以

迅速定位到第三段第一、二句：The overall populations of woodland，farmland and migrant perching birds are upin northern England and Scotland but down in the south．The same is true of individual species suchas the garden warbler，bullfinch and swallow．根据这两句话我们可以得知：许多鸟类的数量在北方呈现上涨趋势，在南方却处于下降趋势，包括题干所问的garden warbler等鸟类，故选项[D]正确。 知识模块：阅读

18． The following reasons may drive birds away EXCEPT______. A．warmer winter B．climate change C．efficient farming D．continuous rainfall

正确答案：A

解析：第四段首句提到：Partly this reflects climate change(这从某种程度上反映出气候的变化)，其中this指代上文提到的鸟类数量变化，也就是说“气候变化”可以影响鸟类数量，即climate change是该题的答案之一。第二句提到：Some birds are drawn to warmer winters in Scotland and northern England．其中are drawn to warmer winters意为“被吸引到冬天更暖的地方去”，可见warmer winter是吸引鸟类的因素，而不是“drive away驱赶”它们的因素，故warmerwinter不是使鸟类离开的原因，符合该题的答案要求。第三句提到：Hard though it may be tobelieve during a week of rain，the south is becoming drier，pushing snipe northward．(很难相信，在持续一周的降雨之后，南方变得更加干燥，使得沙锥鸟飞往北方。)所以“continuous rainfall持续的降雨”也是驱赶鸟类的因素之一。第四句提到：More efficient farming has squeezed somefarmland species．(高效的农耕逼走了一些在农场生活的鸟类。)因此可以知道efficient farming也是一个因素。综上所述，只有选项[A]是符合该题的答案。 知识模块：阅读

19． Some birds can hardly find shelters in the south because______. A．it is so sparsely populated that few people can watch them

B．the environment and ecosystem have been damaged in this area C．places suitable for nesting have been occupied by human beings

D．deserted buildings and barns are not suitable for birds to make homes

正确答案：C

解析：根据题干信息定位到第五段首句：Some birds find it harder to make homes in thesouth，too．其中can hardly find shelters=find it harder to make homes；shelters=homes。故答案来自下一句：Pressure on housing means deserted buildings and barns，handy for nesting，have beenconverted into human dwellings．而该句内容相当于选项[C]places suitable for nesting have beenoccupied by human beings。其中，deserted buildings and barns，handy for nesting(适合筑巢的废弃建筑和仓库)对应places suitable for nesting(适合筑巢的地点)；converted into human dwell—ings(被改造成人类住所)对应occupied by human beings(被人类占据)。故选项[C]为答案。 知识模块：阅读

20． We know from the last paragraph that______. A．people in the north are more obsessed with tidiness B．where there are less human beings, there are more birds

C．cultural difference is not clear from south to north in England

D．people in the south enjoy decorating their gardens with green plants

正确答案：B

解析：选项[A]对应第六段第二句：The“obsession with tidiness”is stronger in the south．从而我们知道该项表述是错误的。选项[B]对应最后一句：Less popular with humans，ruggedparts of the countryside are filling up with a winged population instead．该句比较难理解：郊外一些破旧不堪的地方鲜有人类居住，这里反而成为鸟类的居所。其中，winged population指的是鸟类。由此可见，选项[B]“人类越少的地方鸟类就越多”的表述是正确的。选项[C]对应该段第一、二句，而通过这两句我们可以知道该项是错误的。其中not clear与原文中cultural differ—ence，stronger等信息明显相悖。选项[D]对应原文以下内容：…in the south，he says．Fewerpeople cultivate gardens；they prefer to cover them in decking and remove weeds from between con-crete slabs．由此可见南方人很少有种植花草的习惯，从而判断该项是错误的。 知识模块：阅读