一、圆的认识 1、日常生活中的圆 2、画图、感知圆的基本特征 (1) 实物画图 (2) 系绳画图
3、对比,感知圆的特征:我们以前学过的长方形、正方形、平行四边形、梯形、三角形等,都是曲线段围成的平面图形,而圆是由曲线围成的一种平面图形。
【归纳】:圆是由一条曲线围成的封闭图形
二、圆的各部分名称
1、圆心:用圆规画出圆以后,针尖固定的一点就是圆心,通常用字母O表示,圆心决定圆的位置
2、半径:连接圆心到圆上任意一点的线段叫做半径。一般用字母r表示。 把圆规两脚分开,两脚之间的距离就是圆的半径。
3、直径:通过圆心并且两端都在圆上的线段叫做直径。一般用字母d表示。 直径是一个圆内最长的线段
三、圆的主要特征
1、在同圆或等圆内,有无数条半径,有无数条直径。所有的半径都相等,所有的直径都相等。
2、在同圆或等圆内,直径的长度是半径的2倍,半径的长度是直径的1/2。
用字母表示为:d=2r或r=d/2
3、 如果一个图形沿着一条直线对折,两侧的图形能够完全重合,这个图形是轴对称图形。圆是轴对称图形且有无数条对称轴 一、
圆的周长的认识
1、 围成圆的曲线的长叫做圆的周长
2、 周长与圆的直径有关,圆的直径越长,圆的周长就越大
二、 圆周率的意义及圆的周长公式
1、 圆周率实验:在圆形纸片上做个记号,与直尺0刻度对齐,在直尺上滚动一周,求出圆的周长。发现一般规律,就是圆周长与它直径的比值是一个固定数(π)。
3、 圆周率:任意一个圆的周长与它的直径的比值是一个固定的数,我们把它叫做圆周率。用字母π(pai) 表示。
4、 一个圆的周长总是它直径的3倍多一些,这个比值是一个固定的数。圆周率π是一个无限不循环小数。在计算时,一般取π ≈ 3.14。 5、 在判断时,圆周长与它直径的比值是π倍,而不是3.14倍。世界上第一个把圆周率算出来的人是我国的数学家祖冲之。
6、 圆的周长公式: C= πd —→ d = C ÷π或C=2π r —→ r = C ÷ 2π 7、 区分周长的一半和半圆的周长:
(1)周长的一半:等于圆的周长÷2 计算方法:2π r ÷ 2 即 π r (2)半圆的周长:等于圆的周长的一半加直径。 计算方法:πr+2r 即 5.14 r 8、正方形里最大的圆。两者联系:边长=直径;圆的面积=78.5%正方形的面积
画法:(1)画出正方形的两条对角线;(2)以对角线交点为圆心,以
边长为直径画圆。
9、长方形里最大的圆。两者联系:宽=直径
画法:(1)画出长方形的两条对角线;(2)以对角线交点为圆心,以
宽为直径画圆。
10、常用的3.14的倍数:
3.14×2=6.28 3.14×3=9.42 3.14×4=12.56 3.14×5=15.7
3.14×6=18.84 3.14×7=21.98 3.14×8=25.12 3.14×9=28.26 3.14×12=37.68 3.14×14=43.96 3.14×16=50.24 3.14×18=56.52 3.14×24=75.36 3.14×25=78.5 3.14×36=113.04 3.14×49=153.86 3.14×64=200.96 3.14×81=254.34 四、圆的面积与以它的半径为边长的正方形的面积的关系
以正方形的边长为半径画的圆,正方形的面积实际就是这个圆半径的平方,因此得出“圆的面积是它半径平方的3倍多一些”圆的面积大约等于半径 半径 3
五、圆的面积公式
1、把圆拼成近似的长方形,知识形状改变了,图形的大小并没有发生变化,因此圆的面积=拼成的近似长方形的面积
2、圆的面积推导:
圆可以切拼成近似的长方形,长方形的面积与圆的面积相等(即S长方形=S圆);
长方形的宽是圆的半径(即b=r);
长方形的长是圆周长的一半(即a=C÷2=πr)。 即:S长方形= a × b ↓ ↓ S圆= πr × r
= πr2 所以,S圆 = π r2
注意:切拼后的长方形的周长比圆的周长多了两条半径。C长方形=2πr+2r =C圆+d
一、圆环的意义及面积的计算
1、 圆环的意义:以同一点为圆心,半径不相等的两个圆组成的图形,两元之间的部分就是圆环。
2、 圆环中半径较大的圆叫做外圆,半径较小的圆叫做内圆。外圆半径与内圆半径的差叫做环宽,两圆中间的部分大大小叫做圆环的面积 3、 外圆的半径=内圆半径+1个环宽;外圆的直径=内圆直径+2个环宽 4、 求圆环的面积一般是用外圆的面积减去内圆的面积,还可以利用乘法分配律 进行简便计算。
S圆环=S外圆—S内圆=πR2-πr2= π(R2-r2)
5、几个直径和为n的圆的周长=直径为n的圆的周长(如图) 几个直径和为n的圆的面积<直径为n的圆的周长
n 6、常用的平方数:112=121 122=144 132=169 142=196 152=225 162=256 172=289 182=324 192=361 202=400
7、周长相等的平面图形中,圆的面积最大; 面积相等的平面图形中,圆的周长最短。 随堂练习
1、一种钟表的分针长5厘米,3小时分针扫过的面积是多少?
2、一个花坛,直径8米,在它的周围有一条宽1米的环形小路,小路的面积是多少平方米?
3、一个圆桶的底面周长是62.8厘米,它的底面面积是多少平方厘米? 4、杂技演员表演独轮车走钢丝,车轮的直径为40厘米,要骑过100米长的钢丝,车轮大约转动多少周?
5、在长10厘米,宽8厘米的长方形纸上剪一个最大的半圆,这个半圆的面积是多少?周长是多少?
6、用一根铁丝围成一个正方形,边长正好是6.28米。如果围成一个圆,这个圆的半径是多少?
赠送以下资料
英语万能作文(模板型)
Along with the advance of the society more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of which is that....
随着社会的不断发展,出现了越来越多的问题,其中之一便是____________。
As to whether it is a blessing or a curse, however, people take
different attitudes.
然而,对于此类问题,人们持不同的看法。(Hold different attitudes 持不同的看;Come up with different attitudes 有不同的看法) As society develops, people are attaching much importance to.... 随着社会的发展,人们开始关注............
People are attaching more and more importance to the interview during job hunting
求职的过程中,人们慢慢意识到面试的重要性。 As to whether it is worthwhile ....., there is a long-running controversial debate. It is quite natural that people from different backgrounds may have divergent attitudes towards it.
关于是否值得___________的问题,一直以来争论不休。当然,不同的人对此可能持不同的观点。
In the process of modern urban development, we often find ourselves in a dilemma.
在都市的发展中,我们往往会陷入困境。
Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide concern, some people are in alarm that....
最近,这种现象引起了人们的广泛关注,有人开始担心______________。
The human race has entered a completely new stage in its history, with the increasingly rapid economic globalization and urbanization,
more problems are brought to our attention.
人类进入了一个历史的崭新的阶段,经济全球化、都市化的速度不断加快,随之给我们带来了很多问题。
...... plays such an important role that it undeniably becomes the biggest concern of the present world, there comes a question, is it a blessing or a curse?\"
_______显得非常重要而成为当今世界所关注的最大的问题,这是无可厚非的。不过,问题是:\"我们该如何抉择?\"
Now we are entering a new era, full of opportunities and challenges, 现在我们正在进入一个充满机会和挑战的新时代。 People from different backgrounds would put different interpretations on the same case.
不同行业的人对同一种问题的解释不尽相同。
The controversial issue is often brought into public focus. People from different backgrounds hold different attitudes towards the issue. 这中极具争议性的话题往往很受社会的关注。不同的人对此问题的看法也不尽相同。
When asked ..., some people think..... while some prefer... 说到______,有人认为________,而另一些人则认为__________。
Just as the saying goes: \"so many people, so many minds\". It is quite understandable that views on this issue vary from person to
person.
俗话说,\"\"。不同的人对此有不同的看法是可以理解的。 To this issue, different people come up with various attitudes. 对于这个问题,不同的人持不同的观点。
There is a good side and a bad side to everything, it goes without saying that...
万事万物都有其两面性,所以,勿庸置疑,____________。 When it comes to ..., most people believe that ..., but other people regard ...as ....
提到_________问题,很多人认为_________,不过,一些人则认为______是____.
When faced with...., quite a few people claim that ...., but other people think as...
提到_________问题,仅少数人认为________,但另一些人则认为_________。
There is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of .... There who criticize ...argue that ...., they believe that ...,but people who favor .., on the other hand, argue that...
目前,____问题争议较大。批判_____的人认为_____,他们认为_____,不过,另一方面,赞同_____的人则认为_______。 Some people are of the opinion that.. 有些人认为_________。 Many people claim that... 很多人认为_________。
A majority of 绝大多数 A large number of 很多人
Some people contend that ... has proved to bring many advantages (disadvantages)
有些人认为________有很多有利之处(不利之处)。
Those who argue for ... say that ...economic development of the cities.
觉得_____的人认为,______ 城市的经济发展。 Some people advocate that .... 有些人在坚持认为_________。 They hold that ... 他们认为_________。
People, who advocate that ..., have their sound reasons (grounds) 坚持认为______的人也有其说法(依据)。
Those who have already benefited from practicing it sing high praise of it. 那些从中受益的人对此大家褒奖。
Those who strongly approve of ... have cogent reasons for it. 强烈认同_______的人有很多原因。
Many people would claim that... 有人会认为___________。 People who support ... give some or all of the following reasons. 那些支持_________观点的人列出了如下原因:________。 But others hold the view that ...但是,另外一些人则认为_______。 观点的用词:Attitude, opinion, 与其搭配的动词以及词组:Take,
have, come up with,set forth, put forward等。
But on the other hand, there are also quite a few people who strongly advocate that..,.
不过,另一方面,也有少部分人坚持认为_______________。 But people who are ..., on the other hand , maintain that... 不过,另一方面,________的人认为__________。
However, there are a large number of people who hold a different view concerning this case.
然而,很多人对此有不同的看法。
问题用词:Issue, phenomenon,后接介词, on, over等。
However, some others argue that... 然而,另一些人则认为____。 However, there are also some others who contend that... 然而,也有人认为__________。
But other people set forth completely totally different argument concerning this case.
不过,对于此,另一些人则持完全不同的观点。 Some people examine this issue from another angle. 有的人用另一角度来看这一问题。
On the other hand, there are also many opponents who strongly ... 另一方面,也有很多反对的人,他们认为_____________。 According to my personality and fondness, I would prefer ... rather than...
根据我的个性以及兴趣,我选择_______而不会选择__________。 Personally, I side with the latter (former) opinion... 就我个人而言,我支持后者(前者)___________。 Personally, I am in favor of the former point of view. 就我个人而言,我较同意前一种看法。 To my point of view 我认为
To my mind, the advantages far overweigh the drawbacks(disadvantages, shortcomings) 我认为,优点胜过缺点。
For my part, I stand on side of the latter opinion that.. 就我而言,我较赞同后一种观点________________。 As far as I am concerned, I am inclined to be on the side of the latter view.
在我看来,我较同意后一种观点。
After a thorough consideration, for my part, I am in favor of the latter view that...
经过深思熟虑,我较支持后一种看法,亦即___________。 If asked to make a decision, I would prefer... 如果真的需要作出选择,我宁愿____________。 展现问题篇
问题的常用词:question, problem, issue
Recently, the issue of ...... has been brought into public focus.
近来,_______的问题引起了社会的广泛关注。
Now we are entering a brand new era full of opportunities and innovations, and great changes have taken place in people’s attitude towards some traditional practice.
现在我们进入了一个充满机遇和创新的崭新时代,很多人对某些传统的看法也发生了很大改变。
Recently the issue of whether or not ... has been in the limelight and has aroused wide concern in the public.
近来,是否____的问题已经非常明确而且引起了社会的广泛关注。
The issue whether it is good or not to .... has aroused a heated discussion all over the country.
______的利与弊已在全国范围内引起热烈的讨论。
At present, some people think ....while others claim ...Both sides have their merits.
目前,一些人认为_____而另一些人则认为_____。其实,两种观点都其可取之处。
People rarely reach an absolute consensus on such a controversial issue. 对于这种极具争议的话题,我们很难作出绝对的回答。 People from different backgrounds would put different interpretations on the same case.
不同行业的人对同一种问题的解释不尽相同。
The controversial issue is often brought into public focus. People from different backgrounds hold different attitudes towards the issue. 这中极具争议性的话题往往很受社会的关注。不同的人对此问题的看法也不尽相同。
When asked ..., some people think..... while some prefer... 说到______,有人认为________,而另一些人则认为__________。
Just as the saying goes: \"so many people, so many minds\". It is quite understandable that views on this issue vary from person to person.
俗话说,\"\"。不同的人对此有不同的看法是可以理解的。 To this issue, different people come up with various attitudes. 对于这个问题,不同的人持不同的观点。
There is a good side and a bad side to everything, it goes without saying that...
万事万物都有其两面性,所以,勿庸置疑,____________。 When it comes to ..., most people believe that ..., but other people regard ...as ....
提到____问题,很多人认为____,不过,一些人则认为____是____.
When faced with...., quite a few people claim that ...., but other people think as...提到___问题,仅少数人认为___,但另一些人则认为____.
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